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Id used the game, which stands outside of the general continuity of the series as a "dream" episode, as a prototype to test ideas they wanted to use in future games, such as a more advanced art style, parallax scrolling, and gameplay changes. It was developed for MS-DOS by id Software, which had been founded by the Ideas from the Deep team after the success of the first game, and published through Softdisk as part of an agreement between the companies as the founders of id had been employees of Softdisk when they developed Vorticons.
Commander Keen in Keen Dreams is the second game of the series, released in 1991 as a single episode it is sometimes referred to as episode 3.5 of the series. The game, like the rest of the series, is a side-scrolling platform video game. It was developed by a team calling themselves Ideas from the Deep (or sometimes IFD Software), consisting of programmers John Carmack and John Romero, designer Tom Hall, artist Adrian Carmack, and manager Jay Wilbur, and published by Apogee Software. It is divided into three episodes: "Marooned on Mars", "The Earth Explodes", and "Keen Must Die!", and the game was published through a shareware model whereby "Marooned on Mars" was released for free, and the other two episodes were available for purchase. Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is the first game in the series, released on Decemfor MS-DOS. An active modding community has grown around the series, producing editing tools and unofficial sequels. References to the series have been made by dozens of other games, especially to the Dopefish, an enemy in the fourth episode, which has been termed one of the video game industry's biggest in-jokes. The MS-DOS games have been re-released in several compilation packages, and all but the sixth episode are still sold through modern emulation releases on platforms such as Steam. The second trilogy sold fewer copies, which was blamed by id and Apogee on its split into two parts, and the 2001 game received mixed reviews. The final Keen game ten years later had oversight but little development work from id.Ĭritical reception and the series' legacy has focused on the two main trilogies of episodes, with Vorticons having large success as a shareware game and impacting the success of Apogee (now 3D Realms) and its shareware model. The final episode was split off during development into a stand-alone retail title, and plans for a third trilogy were cancelled after the success of Wolfenstein 3D (1992) and development focus on 3D first-person shooters such as Doom (1993). Their obligations to Softdisk, where they had worked during development of the game, led to the creation of Keen Dreams as a prototype for the second trilogy of episodes. The game's success caused designer Tom Hall, programmers John Carmack and John Romero, and artist Adrian Carmack to found id Software. Invasion of the Vorticons was the only game developed by Ideas from the Deep, and was based on programmer John Carmack's creation of adaptive tile refresh, a technique that allowed IBM-compatible general-purpose computers to replicate the smooth scrolling of video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System. Another game was announced in 2019 as under development by ZeniMax Online Studios, but was not released. Palmer Productions and published by Activision as Commander Keen. 
Ten years later, a homage and sequel to the series was developed by David A.
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The first three episodes were developed by Ideas from the Deep, the precursor to id, and published by Apogee Software as the shareware title Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons the "lost" episode 3.5 Commander Keen in Keen Dreams was developed by id and published as a retail title by Softdisk episodes four and five were released by Apogee as the shareware Commander Keen in Goodbye, Galaxy and the simultaneously developed episode six was published in retail by FormGen as Commander Keen in Aliens Ate My Babysitter. The series follows the eponymous Commander Keen, the secret identity of the eight-year-old genius Billy Blaze, as he defends the Earth and the galaxy from alien threats with his homemade spaceship, rayguns, and pogo stick.
The series consists of six main episodes, a "lost" episode, and a final game all but the final game were originally released for MS-DOS in 19, while the 2001 Commander Keen was released for the Game Boy Color.
MS-DOS, Game Boy Color, SteamOS, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, Android, iOSĬommander Keen in Invasion of the VorticonsĬommander Keen is a series of side-scrolling platform video games developed primarily by id Software.
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